Glossary

Common terms in short, with source and checked date.

Based on 438 official sources and 579 notes

• Australia's senior secondary certificate and the ATAR

  • Years 11-12 are senior secondary
  • State certificates are recognised nationwide
  • ATAR = rank within the year group, used for university entry

  Source: Study Australia (Australian Government) — A well-rounded education (Schools) · checked 2026-10-30

• International schools in Japan: miscellaneous-school approval, accreditation and international curricula

  • Most are not Article 1 schools
  • Miscellaneous-school approval, accreditation or international curriculum
  • 12 years at an accredited school = Japanese university eligibility

  Source: Tokyo Metropolitan Government — Tokyo International Schools Portal — FAQ Q3 · checked 2026-06-25

• Cambridge AS & A Level: ages 16-19, graded A*-E